Conversion: Colonization through Faith
by Bhikkuni Ma Dhammananda on 31 Mar 2009 6 Comments

When we talk about conversion, we talk about change from one way of thinking and behaving to another. Conversion in religion is to give up one religion and take on another for better or worse.


In my young age, the first conversion story I heard was that of my own mother. As a student, she attended Assumption Catholic School. She must have been an outstanding student. Sister Rose, a French Catholic Sister, offered to take her to France for higher education and eventually a better opportunity in life; of course she had to be converted. My mother admitted that it was quite a tempting proposal.


Going to France meant travelling to a foreign country, a dream of many third world children. More than that, Sister promised that she would get the best chance for education. Being an orphan, she did not have anyone to turn to, that was a serious decision for her to make. As the story went, the next day when she had to give an answer to the Sister, she intentionally put a big Buddha amulet around her neck and wore it outside her uniform.


The sister never asked her any more about going to France.


Killing fields and tsunami


In February (2009), I attended a conference of Buddhist and Hindu Religious Leaders Summit in Phnom Penh [Cambodia]. My host who travelled by boat from Siamreap to Phnom Penh reported ‘excitedly’ that it was striking to see the sudden emergence of many mosques lining the horizon along the bank of the river; this happened only in the last decade. Islamic conversion in Cambodia is taking place very quietly, but for real.


The Cambodians, we cannot blame them; those who survived the 1975-79 killing fields literally had nothing left. If they accept assistance in any form from other religious denominations under whatever condition, this was expected and understandable. We need to work here too together.


Tsunami is yet another incident which some missionaries thought is a God-sent opportunity to reach out to offer help to the needy. Their mission is to help the needy, with a string attached, that is, to gain new converts.


This kind of conversion is unethical, it is colonization through faith. This conversion is prevalent and it is something that we must resist and condemn in the strongest words.


In my role as a female Buddhist monastic, I went with a group of monks to visit the victims of Tsunami in Phang-nga, a province in the south, heavily affected by Tsunami. The victims were very happy to see us. One woman in particular lost all her family members; she came up to me and sobbed in my arms. She said in southern tongue “I have nothing left.” I assured her that the most precious thing in life is life, and she is alive.


But the Buddhist clergy was so feeble in reaching out to the needy in time of need. Social welfare is not first in our agenda (Theravada Buddhists), so it is explained in a traditional way.


But isn’t compassion our practice? Welfare service is nothing but compassion in action. To be compassionate is not to sit and give a beautiful smile only; compassion must be translated into action. This we need to change.


Danger: Christians study Buddhism


In the Philippines, there is an institute for Christian missionaries to study Buddhist teachings. I am afraid to admit that they know of Buddhist teaching better than ordinary average Thai Buddhists. That is a dangerous trend, and as a Buddhist I am ashamed. Hathaway brought out a book giving details of information on Thailand with geographical locations and details of ethnic differences, etc. for missionaries to work, particularly with the hill tribes, the minority. And work for what? We all know it very well.


Conversion is for real. Christians are working very hard to crack the weak area where Buddhism has not covered. In Thailand, they have failed for the last century, but more money has been spent now focusing on the various hill tribes who have been neglected by mainstream Buddhists, Buddhist authority and Buddhist Government. This is also a time for us to ponder. Those who are neglected by both the Government and the Buddhist Sangha are an easy prey to such ‘design’ in the name of relief and welfare.


In the US, we know that they have Joshua Project, providing also information for Christian missionaries how to convert effectively. We can go on in great length on the extent of conversion that is going on and planned.


Addressing the fear of Conversion


Theoretically there in no need to fear conversion, neither Islam nor Christianity, if Buddhists are firm in their own belief and practices. It is a big If.


When the Buddha established Buddhism, he envisioned fourfold Buddhists namely, the bhikkhus (monks), bhikkhunis (fully ordained nuns), laymen and laywomen. By establishing Buddhism he expected these fourfold Buddhists to:-


1. Study his teaching (dhamma)
2. Practice the teaching (patipatti)
3. Be able to defend the dhamma


Take a look at Thailand, a country of some 63 million, out of which 94% of population claim to be Buddhists. I intentionally use the word “claim,” as many of them might turn out to be just Buddhists by birth certificates; sometimes I call them Buddhists by chance, as opposed to Buddhists by choice. I mean the new Buddhists who have come to Buddhism with much critical study before being accepted. When Buddhism is a religion of the majority, there is a tendency of laxity. In fact Thailand boasts of having the highest Buddhist population in the world. Myanmar comes second with 87% of her total population claiming to be Buddhists.


Thailand has been a unified country since the 13th century AD and the only country in South East Asia which has not been officially colonized. Thai people never experienced any hardship of foreign occupation. Buddhism as practiced for more than 700 years had never been put to test and had never been challenged. As a result, we witness that Buddhists in Thailand tend to become complacent and negligent, both in their study and practice.


This negligence is doing more harm for the stability and progress of Buddhism than any attempt of conversion from and by outside agents.


As we have not taken responsibility given by the Buddha as earlier mentioned, Buddhists in general cannot even explain their highest Spiritual goal, not to mention practicing it. Basic practice as a foundation to good life, the commitment to the basic five precepts as ethical foundation is taken only ritualistically. Even taking refuge - Buddham sharanam gacchami -which is a pronouncement of commitment to become Buddhist is often taken as lip service.


This needs to be addressed. I cannot pretend to speak to you about the Indian context, but while I am giving you a Thai context, you can compare with what is happening here in India among Hindus and Muslims, and I am sure it will ring the bell for you as well.


Only a proper understanding of the true spirit and essential message of Buddhism will provide us proper tools to face the complicated nature of the present world. With strong base of Buddhist understanding, we can handle the shift of value and once again return to show respect to our religion, our culture, our tradition. With strong base in Buddhist way of life, we can become modern happily. With Buddhism as our central core, we can handle material growth wisely.


With a solid foundation in Buddhism we will not be converted to Christianity or Islam.


Materialism and unethical conversions


Looking at the unethical conversions that Christian missionaries have been working very hard for, they can offer only material support. We should not trade material comfort with our spiritual liberation. The message is direct and strong. We will not be shaken by the unethical and evil approach, trying to look down upon Buddhist belief and practices.


Our Sri Lankan sisters told us what Christian missionaries do. They made the Buddha into a culprit by picking on the fact that he left his new born baby and responsibility to his family. Buddhists must realize that the Prince chose to leave his family only to return to deliver them spiritually. The spiritual deliverance is much more long lasting and he not only brought about spiritual freedom for himself, his family, but also humankind. The Buddha’s message was the greatest achievement of the human era.


When a Buddhist has not studied Buddhist teaching properly, how can he or she put it into practice? How can he or she defend the teaching? How can he/she differentiate the false accusation bombarded against the Buddha and his teaching through unethical conversion?


The so-called Buddhists would choose material support as offered by the missionary readily, as it is direct material gain. They do not have spiritual value which would enable them to have a happy life. It will take them a long while to realize that life with material wealth as offered by a Christian missionary can support them only temporarily. On the other hand, they are uprooted from their own culture which comes with all the social values as the foundation of the society of our forefathers.


While we are affirming that Buddhism can withstand the storm of conversion, Buddhism is definitely relevant to modern society; it is only Buddhists who can prove that such belief can become a reality in their own commitment, in their own lives.


The change must happen now. They cannot keep Buddhism alive and active for the future generation if Buddhism is not lived in this generation.


Dhammo have rakkhati, Dhamma carim
Dhamma protects one who practices dhamma


But we must also protect dhamma by making it real in our lives and not only on our lips.


Soft Religions


I would like now to share with you what we have been discussing at the Buddhist Hindu Religious Leaders Summit (Phnom Penh, Feb. 2009). It was brought to light that at any so-called International Interfaith Dialogue on Religions, Buddhist and Hindu voices often are not heard. While Abrahamic religions (i.e. Judaism, Christianity and Islam) always lead both the discussion and decision.


In this gathering we can discuss the common characteristics found in Buddhism and Hinduism. It strikes at the core of conversion issue. Both Buddhism and Hinduism do not have mission to convert. One Swami even said that the Christians have nothing to convince, so they have to convert.


• Both Buddhism and Hinduism are tolerant by nature
• Both Buddhism and Hinduism emphasise Ahimsa, non-violence
• Both Buddhism and Hinduism are Nature loving people
• Both Buddhists and Hindus see ourselves as part of nature, this make us humble
• Both Buddhists and Hindus have respect for others, and tend to place other’s importance over ours.

These common features make Buddhism and Hinduism soft religions as compared to the more aggressive Abrahamic religions.


Focusing on Hinduism, we have an outstanding character like Swami Vivekananda who stood out at the Parliament of World’s Religions in Chicago in 1893. Allow me to remind you that Indian elites at that time were turning their heads towards the West, trying to copy western values, western style, etc. Among Indians, some of them even looked down upon their own motherland; Indian values and Indian culture were seen as inferior.


Only the success of Swami Vivekananda in the West caused such a ripple and brought about an awakening among Indians to look back and search for spiritual values which India is well known for. It was Swami Vivekananda who brought out the spirit of Peace and harmony among religious leaders of the world in the past century.


A nasty massacre of peacefully protesting Indians at Amritsar (Jalianwala Bagh) provoked the conscience of Mahatma Gandhi. It was then that he decided to head his mission which eventually led to Indian independence.


As soft religions, we Buddhists and Hindus should be serious to work together on the projects of common interest, not only so much about fighting against conversion from outside, but also more on helping each other to strengthen our own common spiritual heritage. If our spiritual heritage is rooted, the trunk is solid; branches will eventually spread out and provide proper protection with laden blossoms and fruits.


No, we are not going to compete so that we become strong and hard and at times destructive like the Abrahamic religions. We will retain this quality of soft religions. We have to understand and utilize this quality of being soft religions to its best.


While hardness symbolizes death, softness is life. It is the water that cuts through the mountain and not otherwise; so we learn from our Eastern wisdom. It is only loving kindness and compassion that will nurture the world, not violence. We have to confirm this message again and again.


Philosophically and spiritually, Buddhism and Hinduism are very strong and no outside invasion or conversion can harm us in any way. In practicing religion, we must actualize our ideals. We cannot simply sit and be compassionate and remain peaceful.


We have to look at and understand peace in a new light. Peace is anchored from within, coming out of a peaceful mind to engage with the world outside. Peace is to resist violence. Peace is to end unjust activities. Peace is to end exploitation. Peace is to end patriarchy, etc.


Sitting peacefully among turmoil in society is selfishness. Peace is
• Participatory at all levels
• Easy for every one
• Accessible for everyone
• Compatible to deal with social problems
• Equality for humankind



Compassion is not lip-service; compassion must overflow from our trained mind and compassionate heart into action. Compassion is not only wishing others happiness and wishing them to be free from suffering; it is sharing of wealth and sharing of happiness. Compassion is an ability to share both suffering and happiness. Compassion is an ability to take on the suffering of others as our own.


These messages are strong in Buddhism and Hinduism. What we need is to work these beautiful concepts out and allow them to actualize in life. If we go together hand in hand, the strength will be immense. This reshuffling of ourselves will be able to strengthen our identities, our communities. We Buddhists and Hindus will bring about changes, and we will begin here, now. Right now here to kindle the memory and the way shown by a personality like Chamanlal ji.


When we are convinced we will commit
Conversion will have no place to take root


Venerable Ma Dhammananda (Dr Chatsumarn Kabilsingh) is a leading Buddhist monk in Thailand. This article is based on the Fifth Chaman Lal ji Memorial Lecture organised by the International Center for Cultural Studies at New Delhi, 25 March 2009

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So true and yet sadly, some foolish Hindus and Buddhists in India forgetting all the past are falling into Christian trap and fighting among themselves. Then hneed to realize, it would be a total loss.
Arup Roy Chowdhury
April 01, 2009
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The inherent insecurity and the ineptitude of the religious leaders to keep their flock together are reflected in this article by the Ven Ma Dhamananda.Compassion and love for fellow beings are quintessence of all religions and not something special to Buddhism or Hinduism.The greatness of love and what costitutes love for a fellow being are beautifully elaborated by St Paul in his epistle to the Corinthians.Jesus himself has given illustration of what is neighbourly love in his parable of the Good Samaritan.Compassion and forgiveness are vividly drawn in the parable of the forgiving Father and the prodigal son.
All religions preach love.As human beings we do not live by spirituality alone.We do need to sustain our life and for sustenance we need food ,clothing and shelter.Those who preach to us should also show us how to fulfil our basic needs.What is ones own tradition or belief worth if one's fellow men are insensitive to one's impecunious condition? Religion is meaningless on an empty stomach.You may brag about the greatness of your own religion when your basic necessities are fulfilled.For centuries the so called upper castes of India kept the untouchables under servitude.They wanted the unequal system to be perpetuated.When the sujugated people found salvation elsewhere the bogey of conversion was raised.I do not know much about the caste system among the Buddhists.However,I know what the Hindu caste system is.The upper castes want the lower castes to remain in their subjugated state perpetually .Compassion and love are not for the lower castes . They want the numbers but are not willing to treat them as fellow human beings.
gopalkrishnaiah
April 01, 2009
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Typical Christian rhetoric, you mean to tell me that Christianity has no class system, if you honestly believe in that, you are truly delusional in every sense. Take a look around you, The only reason Constantine embraced Christianity was not due to any spiritual call but the call of power. Buddha and Hinduism pre-dates Jesus and kindness, charity is not exclusive domain of Jesus and Christians, on the contrary, Jesus borrowed heavily from Hindu and Buddhist teachings.

Compassion is class based in every sense across the world, call it human ills, don't put the blame solely on Hindus. The fact that two of the greatest epics are written by so called outcasts speaks for itself. Furthermore, the outcast hype is preached heavily by non Hindus including Muslims to justify and strengthen their conversion tactics, its an old game. Now lets start with compassionate Christian history, conversion by sword for instance a la conquistadors in South America, One thing the Christians have been good at is wiping out history and civilization and enslavement in name of faith. When the white people needed subjugates, they created Christian colonies across the globe, Philippines in Asia is one glaring example. Today in US, there are churches for outcast blacks and whites separately. Blacks are subject to conditions worse than our so called outcasts. Look at Mayawati today, she is the power broker and compare that to Obama who till today has to go through racial taunts even though he is half Jewish. Blacks were enslaved and converted and then kept as slaves for the white man, all in name of faith. Now that same thing is repeated today except surreptitiously.

Let me see a dark south Indian Christian go marry a white Christian girl in Alabama or Kentucky, you will then witness the collective wraith of the white christian folks in total unison. Don't spread FUD against Budhism or Hinduism, the fact that you can sit and preach and proselytize and then curse the same Hindus in their own land goes to speak of our tolerance, Go to Saudi Arabia or even next door Pakistan and open your mouth against Muslims there, let me see you last one second.

In terms of class, Hindus did it wrong whereas Christians have done it perfectly. They created a whole lot of subjugates who looks up to white lord Christ and worships the fellow whites as they come from their lord's race. Tell me one thing, till now, I don't see a Filipino apostle or a Indian one. Even Mother Teresa is white and she got sainthood for converting Hindu devil worshipper pagans in India.
Arup Roy Chowdhury
April 02, 2009
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good analysis by author of the political proclivities of the Abrahamic religions and the purely spiritual dimension of the Eastern Dharmas. One must also add that conversions are colonialism through subtle means. The existing way of life and thought is suplanted with one that is foreign. Conversions everywhere has had a huge political and social impact on the people and land. Example is the north east of India where a war against the coutry is being fought in the name of Nagalim for Christ. Where Christians are in a majority the larger Christians nations are brought to bear pressure to effect a partition like in the case of East Timor. Conversions must be stopped and combated by all means possible.
GopalKrishnaiah, you have swallowed the Christian propaganda hook, line, sinker and all. Caste ssystem is the one thing that christists constantly beat the Hindus with. If you sincere about discussion and convincing anybody, you will also mention that each caste in India strives to maintain its caste identity irrespective of how much Christists shout from rooftops about how the "lower" castes are oppressed. the concept of heirarchy arose due to the european steeeped in the eurocentric thinking, projecting his own social structure on to the Hindu way of life. I ask you to speak to a Kuruba or a Madiga and ask him if he wants to be a Brahmin, the loud and resounding answer will be a NO. Each caste/tribe is proud of its identity and beliefs. Violence that happens are due to struggles for increasingly scarce resources and the jockeying for political space by both groups. This is normal in any country including ones where there is no democracy. Hogwash is what Christists claim to be a utopian society. There are separate churches for different castes and there is no intermarriage. Now Christists are claiming reservation! Why do you need reservation when you are no the oppresssed class anymore?
vijay
April 03, 2009
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Thanks for the comments ,A R Choudhary and Vijay .However, the first comment of the 'foolish' Hindus and Buddhists who embrace Christianity could have been avoided. All religious groups have pasts of which they need to feel ashamed of. Ills do exist in the present day churches of various denominations.But the essential teachings are eternal and universal.
Vijay's insinuation that Christians are asking for reservation is not fully correct.When someone from the scheduled caste or backward community who is entitled for reservation becomes a Christian she/he loses the benefit of reservation .In India there is no resrervation on the basis of religion. Reservation is based on the social condition of a particular group.Deprival of the benefits of reservation when a lower caste person becomes a Christian is on the presumption that there is no caste system in Christinity.I do admit that a convert from the lower caste as seen as such in India.One does not embrace a new faith not for any material or other benefits but out of conviction.
Gopalkrishnaiah
April 04, 2009
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How did Buddhism reach Combodia? I believe it is by conversion!
Buddhists are the first religion to covert people. The same people are saying that conversion is bad! Every Buddhist, Christian and Muslim are converts at one point or other.
Religioin is not a tool for nationalism, because nations will come and go. But religion is a way for seeking truth. I find one religion better now. Tomorrow I may find another one or a new one.
Why cannot people allow each person to decide for himslelf? Is not that the correct thing for this age?
Seeker of truth
April 08, 2009
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